There are numerous subjective reports that cannabis has a significant role to play in the treatment of PTSD, but further research is warranted to determine exactly how cannabinoids can manage symptoms and help treat the symptoms of PTSD.
The effectiveness of cannabis for PTSD may be linked to several mechanisms:
Endocannabinoid System and Fear Processing
Research suggests the endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in fear processing and extinction learning (the process of unlearning fear responses). Cannabinoids may help facilitate fear extinction and reduce the anxiety associated with traumatic memories.
Sleep Improvement
A 2013 study in Drug and Alcohol Dependence looked at the prevalence of substance use among patients who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. The study found that motivation for substance use was frequently attributed to sleep difficulties. Researchers found that participants with higher PTSD scores were significantly more likely to consume cannabis to help them sleep. The study concluded that cannabis was an effective coping mechanism for subjects looking to improve their sleep patterns, although further research is warranted to determine how cannabis acts on a physiological level.
Reduction in PTSD Symptoms
Another study published in the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs looked at reports of patients with PTSD who used cannabis to manage their symptoms. The study found that patient scores on the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS) were reduced by 75% in individuals who used medical cannabis. The results found that “cannabis is associated with reductions in PTSD symptoms in some patients, and prospective, placebo-controlled study is needed to determine the efficacy of cannabis and its constituents in treating PTSD.”
A 2017 study showed that with the use of cannabis, patients saw over a 70% reduction in PTSD symptoms.
Stress and Anxiety Reduction
Cannabis, particularly CBD-dominant products, may help reduce the hyperarousal and anxiety that characterize PTSD through its effects on the body’s stress response system.
Management of Nightmares
Some cannabinoids, particularly THC, may reduce REM sleep (where most dreaming occurs), potentially reducing the frequency and intensity of trauma-related nightmares.
While research is promising, it’s important to note that more large-scale clinical trials are needed to fully understand the relationship between cannabis and PTSD treatment.